shemini atzeret in the year 1957
[38], The prevalent practice is that one eats in the sukkah on the eighth day, but without reciting the blessing (berakhah) for sitting in a sukkah. At the end of the holiday, the succahs are dismantled. According to The Jewish Encyclopedia,[6] atzeret (or aẓeret) is the name given to this day in four different locations in the Hebrew Bible. Shemini Atzeret IS a Sabbath but is NOT a High Holy Day!. Shemini Atzeret. 28 October – In the 1957 Israeli presidential election, the Knesset re-elects incumbent Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, who ran unopposed, as President of Israel with 76 votes for and 16 abstaining. [30] By the 16th century CE, most of the features of the modern celebration of Simchat Torah were in place in some form. Outside Israel, where Shemini Atzeret is observed for two days,[36] Simchat Torah is deferred to the second day, when all agree there is no obligation of sukkah. In part, this shows solidarity with Jewish communities outside Israel, which are still celebrating Simchat Torah (on the second day of the festival). Rabbi Shalom DovBer Schneersohn, fifth Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, stated: The 48 hours of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah should be highly treasured. Commonly, only the first day is referred to as Shemini Atzeret, while the second is called Simchat Torah.[5]. It directly follows the Jewish festival of Sukkot which is celebrated for seven days, and thus Shemini Atzeret is literally the eighth day. The practice of reading the last of the weekly Torah portions on Shemini Atzeret is documented in the Talmud. At the same time, it allows for a Simchat Torah celebration unconstrained by festival work restrictions, since the festival is over in Israel according to Jewish law.[35]. The Simchat Torah celebration of today is of later rabbinic and customary origin. While each year we return to the same verses, it is we who are different. [16] According to this idea, Sukkot is a universal holiday, but Shemini Atzeret is only for the Jewish people. Zenner, Walter P. Persistence and Flexibility: Anthropological Perspectives on the American Jewish Experience. Outside of Israel, it is two days long, on 22-23 Tishrei. Shemini Atzeret (שְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת—"Eighth [day of] Assembly"; Sephardic and Israeli pronounced shemini atzèret; Ashkenazic pronounced shmini-atsères) is a Jewish holiday. In Israel and Reform Judaism, the holidays of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are combined into a single day and the names are used interchangeably. That characterization, however, is only partly accurate. Deuteronomy 14:22-16:17; Numbers 29:35-30:1. [6] and commenting on this fact, the Rabbis in tractate Pesahim say that: The closing feast of Sukkot (i.e., Shemini Atzeret) ought rightly to have been, like that of Passover (i.e., Shavuot) on the fiftieth day; but, in order not to force the people to make another journey to Jerusalem in the rainy season, God fixed it as early as the eighth day. Additionally, calculation of the Karaite calendar is not based on astronomical calculations, but only on direct observation of the New Moon and the ripening of barley. The celebration of Simchat Torah is the most distinctive feature of the holiday, but it is a later rabbinical innovation. The prayer for rain, however, is very important in Israel, where winter rain nourishes the crops for the upcoming year. In 2020, Shemini Atzeret begins before sundown on Oct. 9. also under a cc-by license. The first occurred at the time of the dedication of the First Temple by Solomon. Compared to traumatic events that took place during the previous High Holiday seasons, and the horrible atrocities that would soon be unleashed, Tishrei 5670 (September-October 1909) was relatively quiet. shemini atzèret; Ashkenazic pron. List of Dates. Shemini Atzeret — A Day of Transition. [11] The observance of Shemini Atzeret therefore differs in substantial ways from that of Sukkot. Shemini Atzeret (– "Eighth Assembly"; Sefardic/Israeli pron. [9] Owing, however, to the fact that both Shemini Atzeret and the seventh day of Pesaḥ are described as atzeret, the name was taken to mean "the closing festival".[6]. Accordingly, the "eighth day of Sukkot" outside Israel coincides with the separate holiday of Shemini Atzeret. [43] This prayer is recited in a traditional, distinctive, plaintive melody during the cantor's repetition of the amidah. Ten Minutes of Torah: Sh'mini Atzeret - Simchat Torah Commentary Because of that, and because the sukkah (and, by extension, pleasant weather) is no longer required on Shemini Atzeret, Jews begin to ask for rain starting with the Musaf amidah prayer of Shemini Atzeret. Shemini Atzeret is clearly connected to Sukkot (shemini means “eighth” in Hebrew), but according to the Talmud, it is also its own independent holiday. [31] The Simchat Torah celebration is now the most distinctive feature of this festival—so much so that in the Land of Israel, where Shemini Atzeret lasts only one day, it is more common to refer to the day as "Simchat Torah" than as "Shemini Atzeret". For example, Sukkot is described in detail in Leviticus 23:33–43. Shemini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת - "the Eighth [day] of Assembly") is a Jewish holiday. [33] The Jews of the Soviet Union, in particular, would celebrate the festival en masse in the streets of Moscow. [48] The Haftarah describes the people's blessing of King Solomon at the end of the dedication of the First Temple. It is celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of … [note 1] It is therefore often assumed that Shemini Atzeret is simply the eighth day of Sukkot. Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are holidays on which work is not permitted. The Torah explicitly mentions Shemini Atzeret three times, all in the context of Sukkot. To this day, if Israel doesn't receive enough rain in the winter, special prayers are added into the daily services there. [44] On the Gregorian calendar, Shemini Atzeret comes in late September or early or middle October. Recital of the Yizkor prayer is said to bring the person "closer to the cold and brittle part of mourning", and is necessary to promote the healing of a broken heart.[45]. [47] Accordingly, in at least some Karaite circles, this day is referred to by the name of Simchat Torah. Therefore, the prevalent practice is to eat in the sukkah on Shemini Azeret outside the Land of Israel, but not to recite the berakhah for sitting in a sukkah, as reciting it would "impinge" on the unique status of Shemini Atzeret. Like most Jewish holidays of Biblical origin, Shemini Atzeret is observed for one day within the Land of Israel, and traditionally for two days outside Israel. Five days after the conclusion of Yom Kippur, Sukkot begins, regarded as the celebration of the anticipated Divine "good judgment" that was hopefully granted on the High Holy Days (Rosh Hashanah + the Ten Days of Repentance + Yom Kippur) and then Hoshana Rabbah + Shemini Atzeret + Simchat Torah culminate the process of open celebration and festivity with joyous prayers, festive meals, and hours of dancing holding the Torah scroll(s) at the center of attention during the hakafot in the synagogue.[22]. [note 2] However, the Torah specifies use of those objects for seven days only, not eight. Ten Minutes of Torah: Sh'mini Atzeret - Simchat Torah Commentary. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. This is why the rabbis ruled that one does not sleep in the sukkah on Shemini Atzeret, even outside the Land of Israel. A brief mention of rain continues to be inserted in the amidah until Passover. Called Hoshana Rabbah, it is unique and different from the other days of Sukkot. Karaites and Samaritans do not include the rabbinical innovation of Simchat Torah in their observance of the day; and do not observe a second day (of any holiday) in the Diaspora. Shemini Atzeret calls upon us to spend one more day in the company of the Divine – not because God has done anything for us specifically on this day, not because we have a specific reason, but because we love His very existence. Outside of Israel, it is two days long, on 22-23 Tishrei. When Shemini Atzeret is mentioned in the Torah (Pentateuch), it is always mentioned in the context of the seven-day festival of Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, which it immediately follows. Most businesses follow regular opening hours in the United States. ", "The Second Festival Day and Reform Judaism (Responsum 5759.7)", http://shomron0.tripod.com/educationalguide.pdf, Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shemini_Atzeret&oldid=998778702, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 00:28. See this link for exact times.. Autumn 1909, one century ago, was a rather uneventful time. 29 October – Moshe Dwek, a 26-year-old Yemenite-Israeli mental patient throws a hand grenade in the Knesset. Shemini Atzeret (On Shemini Atzeret the world is judged for water, or rainfall, in the upcoming year) Simchat Torah (The celebratory Jewish holiday that marks the completion of the annual Torah reading cycle) ... 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I) (1) Scriptural Reference: Leviticus 23:39. [4] The first day of Shemini Atzeret therefore coincides with the eighth day of Sukkot outside the Land of Israel, leading to sometimes involved analysis as to which practices of each holiday are to apply. Shemini Atzeret is a Jewish holiday; This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Shemini. Shemini Atzeret is observed in Orthodox communities with candle lighting in the evening, Kiddush (sanctification over wine) and two challah breads. Related Holidays . It’s true that my girls don’t have school, but I’d already planned to take them to visit their great-grandmothers in New York. In Israel—and for different reasons in Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism—none of the unique observances of Sukkot (sukkah, lulav and etrog) carry over to Shemini Atzeret. Likewise, eating in the sukkah does not per se impinge on one's own celebration of Shemini Atzeret. [40], There are, however, those who have different minhagim (customs). Shemini Atzeret is a holiday in its own right, without sukkah, lulav and etrog. Shemini Atzeret. [29] That Talmudic source does not refer to the occasion as "Simchat Torah", but simply as [the second day of] Shemini Atzeret. Throughout the year, the Jew lives with Torah. In Israel, this is a one-day holiday; in the Diaspora it is a two-day holiday, and the second day is known as Simchat Torah. The Shemini Atzeret Sabbath, the day after the end of Sukk'ot, is known as "The Last Great Day" because it is the final annual Holy Day that was God-established.The next Holy Day on God's calendar is the next Passover, in the following Spring.. The Jewish Encyclopedia states that during the time of the Second Temple, the festival of Shavuot received the specific name of "'Atzarta" as cited by Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews (iii. While it is part of the intermediate Sukkot days known as Chol HaMoed, Hoshana Rabbah has extra prayers and rituals and is treated and practiced much more seriously and festively than the previous days of Chol HaMoed. 10, § 6) and in the Talmud's tractate Pesahim (42b, 68b), signifying "the closing feast" of Passover. Sometimes Shemini Atzeret is translated as "the eighth (day) of retention." Each of these approaches addresses aspects of the dual nature of Shemini Atzeret. The seven days of Sukkot that end with Hoshana Rabba are immediately followed by another holiday called Shemini Atzeret, referred to in the Torah (Numbers 29:35) simply as "the eighth day of assembly. However, the only allusion to Shemini Atzeret in that narrative is that the Hanukkah celebration was fixed for eight days—in remembrance of both the seven days of Sukkot and the additional day of Shemini Atzeret.[27]. Tou Bichvat dans les sources juives Dans la Bible hébraïque. [28] The second day observed outside Israel is called Simchat Torah (see next section). In particular during the morning prayer service of Hoshana Rabbah, there are seven hoshanot with their own seven hakafot, the "seven processions". [17][18], A different, but related, interpretation is offered by Yaakov Zevi Mecklenburg, who translates atzeret as "retain": "During the holiday season, we have experienced a heightened religious fervor and a most devout spirit. On October 14, 1973, more than 100,000 Jews took part in a post-Simchat Torah rally in New York city on behalf of refuseniks and Soviet Jewry. Yet, like Succot, our prayers refer to it as Facebook; Twitter; email; Print; 1 shares; Flora Rosefsky. It is celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei (first month of calendar). In explaining the meaning of this holiday, one rabbinic parable compared God to a human king whose children come to visit him in the capital only three times a year. It is, some rabbis say, used to retain and apply any spiritual thing that is received during the month of Tishri (Rosh Hashana, the Ten Days of Awe, Yom Kippur, etc.) This last day is devoted to a recapitulation of the message of these days, with the hope that it will be retained the rest of the year". First, the blessing known as Shehecheyanu is recited on the night of Shemini Atzeret, just as it is on the first night of all other major Jewish holidays. Two observances of Shemini Atzeret are mentioned in the Prophets and Writings portions of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). Shmini Atzeret (Eighth Day of Assembly) [note 3]. The Five Books of Moses are his calendar, their 54 sections marking, ... And yet, an examination of the nature and significance of Shemini Atzeret reveals a close resemblance between it and the festival of Shavuos – indeed, it can be said to be its calendar twin and alter ego. If someone sees a neighbor on the street with a lulav and etrog on the eighth day, the rabbis reason, s/he might mistakenly assume that it is still the seventh day (ḥol hamoed), when the lulav and etrog are still needed. The rainy season in Israel begins soon, and for agricultural purposes, the Musaf Amidah prayer is recited, for rain, on Shemini Atzeret. Karaite Jews and Samaritans also observe Shemini Atzeret, as they do all Biblical holidays. Jewish Holidays: A Guide & Commentary. The Yizkor memorial service is also recited in Ashkenazi synagogues on this day. The two days of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are very precious. Hence, seeing someone eating in a sukkah does not per se lead one to assume it is still ḥol hamoed. [37] When Shemini Atzeret falls on the Shabbat, the Scroll of Ecclesiastes, or Kohelet (קהלת, otherwise read in Ashkenazi synagogues on the Shabbat of Sukkot), is read on that day outside the Land of Israel. [14], Immediately below that discussion, however, the Talmud describes Shemini Atzeret as the "end holiday of the festival [of Sukkot]". The king, enjoying their company so much and being so saddened by their departure, bids them to stay on an extra day. The source for Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah, which fall on the 22nd and 23rd of the Hebrew month of Tishrei, respectively, is Leviticus 23:34. At the same time, by the rabbinic decree to add one day to all holidays outside the Land of Israel,[4] both Passover and Sukkot, although described in the Torah as seven-day holidays, are observed outside the Land of Israel for eight days. The fruits will be squeezed into sweetened juice and some will be eaten by the children. This page was last edited on 1 August 2012, at 16:57 (UTC). [32], In the 20th century, Simchat Torah came to symbolize the public assertion of Jewish identity. Shemini Atzeret is characterized as a day when the Jewish people "tarries" to spend an additional day with God at the end of Sukkot. Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are holidays on which work is not permitted. I’m not sure how, or even if, we’ll honor Shemini Atzeret this year in my house. Why I Need the Extra Day: Shemini Atzeret This Year Read community insights, advice and perspectives during this time as we enter in to the 5781/ 2020 Rosh Hashanah New Year. Shemini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת - "the Eighth [day] of Assembly") is a Jewish holiday. SHEMINI ATZERET is a strange day in the Jewish calendar. The seven days of Sukkot that end with Hoshana Rabba are immediately followed by another holiday called Shemini Atzeret, referred to in the Torah (Numbers 29:35) simply as "the eighth day of assembly. Like atzarah,[8] atzeret denotes "day of assembly", from atzar = "to hold back" or "keep in"; hence, also the name atzeret given to the seventh day of Pesaḥ. Not Rosh Hashanah, when our fates for the year … [23] Only two observances are specified for Shemini Atzeret. Traditionally, Jews begin praying for rain on Shemini Atzeret. The other is the avoidance of "servile labor" (melechet avodah), as on other major Jewish holidays. By Flora Rosefsky September 18, 2020, 6:23 am 0 Edit. Our Sages have taught us that the 70 special bull sacrifices brought on Sukkot were for the benefit of the 70 nations of the world. SBL Hebrew Font [46] Nevertheless, the Karaite cycle of weekly Torah reading, like the Rabbinic cycle, reaches its conclusion on Shemini Atzeret. It is described as the eighth day, and thus part of Succot, but it is also designated by a name of its own, Atzeret. [20] This sets the stage, in ritual, mood, tenor and a heightened sense of festivity, for the days that follow it—namely, of Shemini Atzeret, when seven hakafot are again performed. And it is as if we are reading these sacred words for the very first time. The blessing for the Sukkah is not recited (since it is not Sukkot). [40], The Land of Israel's agriculture depends heavily on rains that come only seasonally, so Jewish prayers for rain, such as Tefillat Geshem or Tikun Geshem (Rain Prayer) are prominent during the Land of Israel's rainy (winter) half of the year. [ 46 ] Nevertheless, the celebration of the Jews of the month... 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Atzeret literally means `` rejoicing in the wilderness of Biblical Literature and Tiro Typeworks verses, it is celebrated the. Additional day is referred to by the children are followed by joyful dancing and.! Jews and Samaritans also observe Shemini Atzeret differs from Sukkot impinge on one 's own of... ] only two observances of Shemini Atzeret ( שמיני עצרת - `` the eighth day... 3.0 License 19 ], in particular, would celebrate the festival en masse in the Torah mentions. For rain on Shemini Atzeret, the Torah specifies use of those objects for seven days, and is permitted! Often assumed that Shemini Atzeret is a holiday in its own right, but Shemini Atzeret are mentioned the! A brief mention of rain continues to be inserted in the conventional Jewish,!
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