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Some of the best essays on truth feature controversial opinions. Discussions of truthmakers and truthmaking typically start with the idea that truth depends on being, and not vice versa. Moreover, many of the standard “opinion” examples are not normative: consider “God exists” or “A Democrat will win the presidency in 2016”. The descriptive/normative distinction is sometimes called the fact/value distinction, which might lead it to be confused with the fact/opinion distinction. John Corvino argues that the claim "That's just your opinion" is pernicious and should be consigned to the flames. In Plato's The Republic he discuses the idea that there is first knowledge at the first degree. Let’s consider three of those other distinctions. Truth takes in consideration feelings and beliefs, whereas they have no place in fact. Something is subjective insofar as it is mind-dependent, objective insofar as it is mind-independent. However, one may argue that what is true and false in art is not simply based on personal truth, but on some standards by which all art is measured by. (Apology) He supports this opinion with numerous theories regarding the value of truth and the relationship between morality and philosophy. Throughout society, most common men are lovers of sights and sounds. He is not subject to the laws and rules of the human domain, and he exists in a realm outside of human comprehension. If you think yours is better, don’t merely say so: Say why. If the fact/opinion distinction were identical to the fact/value distinction, then once again we would need to revise our common thinking about facts and opinions. I personally believe that Mill took freedom of speech too far in On Liberty, and, Since the beginning of our individual life, we are guided by those elders with prior experience of life. He also believes that free speech is justified because humans can never know if the majority opinion is truly correct. Plato says “They say that they can pretty much put knowledge into sounds that lake it, like putting sight into blind eyes.” (Plato, trans C.D.C Reeve, Hackett,1999, p. 212) Plato is explaining that anyone can be knowledgeable with the right tools or instructor. First, they capture some of the concerns that lead people to insist on the fact/opinion distinction in the first place – in particular, the concern that claims not be accepted without good evidence. For example: the statement that thousands were killed in Darfur is descriptive; the statement that such killing was wrong is normative. In my own reason-based thought this idea that through silence ignorance grows louder is my own general understanding. Truthmaker Theory. If the fact/opinion distinction were identical to the fact/value distinction, then once again we would need to revise our common thinking about facts and opinions. Indeed, the “opinion” label is used not only to belittle others’ stances, but also to deflate one’s own. Plato goes on to, the ideas of opinion and knowledge. Perhaps more confusing is its labelling opinions as “statement(s) of belief.” As we’ve been using the terms, all statements express beliefs, and our task is to determine which of them express factual beliefs and which express opinions. Second, consider the subjective/objective distinction. Either we allow same-sex couples to marry or we don’t. When someone asks, “Is that a fact?” they can be understood as asking, “Is that really the case?” or “Is that ultimately true?” When someone says, “It is a fact that…” they are telling us, in other words, “It is the case that…” or “It is true that…” That is, facts are not the statements themselves; they are, rather, the state of affairs or the reality to which a true statement corresponds. In common understanding, there’s a world (reality), and then there are our representations of that world (beliefs: sometimes true, sometimes not). Some have tried to explain the distinction to me by arguing that facts are true. However, the actual value of living the heavily-examined life could be open to debate. They are closely related and hence many dictionaries actually list them as synonyms. The same goes for expressions of belief: We can talk about statements of fact vs. statements of opinion, or factual claims vs. opinion claims, and so forth, and all of these are in the mouths of subjects. These definitions have several advantages. So I looked further. “Opinion: statement of belief or feeling. A fact is based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation. They take this question atface value: there are truths, and the question to be answered concernst… (4a) The current US president is a Democrat. Can Psychologists Tell Us Anything About Morality? For most, this pursuit is a driving force which usually doesn't end until one finds a "truth" that is satisfying to him or her. John Corvino is Chair of the Philosophy Department at Wayne State University, the author of What's Wrong With Homosexuality?, and the co-author (with Maggie Gallagher) or Debating Same-Sex Marriage. Beliefs about reality are still beliefs, and some of them, despite our best efforts, turn out to be false. For example, it is an opinion that broccoli tastes good (or bad).”. God is an unchanging, permanent being, and only from this state can the concept of truth propagate. Take, first, the familiar philosophical distinction between belief and reality. In fact, several historians say for instance, that the “Roman Catholic Church is more Roman than it is Christian.” In my opinion, truth and falseness in art is relative, meaning that a piece of art is not limited to a single truth. In other words, both facts and opinions can be either successful or unsuccessful in representing reality, and thus the fact/opinion distinction is not the same as the belief/reality distinction. For example, when speaking about God or His holy word, which is the truth (indeed, Jesus Christ is the truth Jn 14:6), instead of saying, “My opinion is,” or, “I have a different opinion,” or, “I think,” or, “Everyone is entitled to his own opinion,” we Christians ought to say, “This is the truth,” “It is written,” “Here is the com- mandment of Christ,” “Here is how to apply that commandment”. This answer is not at all helpful, since opinions are typically put forth as true, and some factual claims turn out to be false. Usually, we are unable to understand the real meanings of truth, fact, perception & belief. Penny can have the opinion that cold weather is better, while Tim can prefer hot weather. and those with subjective content (opinions?). For example, an historian might say, What Copernicus said was objectively true in exasperation — if some rival historian had been defending some depth-psychological or economic explanation of the fact that Copernicus said Example 1. (2b) The earth was created by an omnipotent God. Truth, in philosophy, the property of sentences, assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree with the facts or to state what is the case. Opinion, Philosophy or the TRUTH! The principal problem is to offer a viable theory as to what truth itself consists in, or, to put it another way, \"What is the nature of truth?\" To illustrate with an example – the problem is not: Is it true that there is extraterrestrial life? numbers). When asked to explain the principle of distinction between the two, however – the rule that tells us how to assign statements to one category or the other – they often get tongue-tied. Thus, for example, truth can be defined as the body of real events, things, and facts (Glanzberg, 2016). But this answer doesn’t seem right either, since it would make it audience-relative whether something is a fact: for example, “the earth revolves around the sun” would be a fact for modern Europeans but not for medieval ones; “God created the earth” would be a fact for believers but not for sceptics; “The earth is flat” would be a fact for Flat-Earthers but not for the rest of us. Here’s the first result I received, from a “Critical Thinking Across the Curriculum Project” website: “Fact: statement of actuality or occurrence. The concept of truth as the basic philosophical notion has been interpreted differently. THE ANSWER ISOPINION This is an opinion because it is what YOU personally think.Just because you think the girl has beautiful hair does notmean that she actually has beautiful hair. But this simple statement masks a great deal of controversy.” Michael Glanzberg, “Truth,” in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2009) Human society has not always thought this way, however. For more content, go … PPT Week c - Fact vs Opinion - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. ; The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or things; estimation. Yet it's difficult to define because as soon as you think you have it pinned down, some case or counterexample immediately shows deficiencies. When debating ethics and other controversial topics, one frequently hears the claim “That’s just your opinion.” It is a pernicious claim, devoid of clear meaning, and it should be consigned to the flames – or so I shall argue here. What is Truth? they’ll say that the A statements are facts and the B statements are opinions. The girl has beautiful hair.FACT OPINION 4 5. Facts and truth are two words that we come across very commonly. In common usage, to say “it is my opinion that X” is to say “I believe X.” An opinion is also typically taken as an unsupported opinion. A man of right opinion cannot explain why he thinks as he does or cannot explain to others why he thinks he his opinion is right. To distinguish the meanings of these words generally & especially in the context of psychology & philosophy. According to Arendt, the greatest antagonist of factual truth is an opinion, rather than a lie, particularly in light of the current predilection of blurring between fact and opinion. Some are about objective matters, such as whether there is beer in the refrigerator. “Facts are statements that can be shown to be true or can be proved, or something that really happened. But this way of drawing the contrast merely pushes the problem back further. Knowledge is based on what is, or truths. o A statement of opinion is one whose content is either subjective or else not well supported by the available evidence. Truth Can Be Subjective Philosophy Essay Sample. Real truth is not what is in front of us, but of absolute concepts and unchanging truths. That said, they are still somewhat revisionist: They do not fully capture everyday usage (since everyday usage is messy and confused), but instead serve to refine that usage. Socrates and most intellectuals since his time, have been of the firm opinion that "higher" pursuits such as self-examination and philosophy make for a better life. In the chapter "Truth and Falsehood" in his Problems of Philosophy,2 Russell advances the “correspondence” theory of truth. Plato also believes, This means that it is not something that we believe to be true, we know its true and we can prove that it is true and know why it is true. In calling something an opinion, one presumably wants to contrast it with something that is not an opinion, and the obvious candidate for the contrast class is “fact”. Second, they explain why some objective matters – in particular, controversial matters such God’s existence or predictions about the future – get placed in the category of opinion, despite their objective content. Either we send troops to Syria or we don’t. In the past year or so, the topic of Fake News, absolute knowledge, with the analysis of the true meaning, and the implications raised, the book Plato’s Republic there are many examples of turning blindness into knowledge. Astrobiologists study the former problem; philosophers, the latter.This philosophical problem of truth has been with us for a long time. The problem is: What does it mean to say that it is true that there is extraterrestrial life? Some empirical questions are how things are made, who, capacity for knowledge with this belief that only though God can one achieve true knowledge. On this theory, truth is understood in terms of the way reality is described by our beliefs. “Opinions express how a person feels about something – opinions do not have to be based upon logical reasoning. And third, they avoid the sloppiness of some of the earlier proposals. A fact is something that is true everywhere and for everyone. Others say that factual statements are “concrete” rather than “abstract”, but that answer would render all mathematical statements non-factual, since mathematics involves abstract concepts (e.g. ; it is an example of the way reality is described by our beliefs a. 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