what are some characteristics of a developing country?
They have more women working, particularly … Some of the major population problems of the developing countries have been briefly examined in the following paras: 1. The low level of capital formation in a developing country is due both to the weakness of the inducement to invest and to the low propensity and capacity to save. In India which is a lower middle income country, under 5-years mortality rate in 2009 was relatively high at 66 as against only 8 per 1000 live births in the United States and United Kingdom. Lack of education manifests itself in lower enrolment rate in primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions which impact knowledge and skills of the people. Many of these nations have an economy that is based on farming. But most often the sector in which the greatest concentration of incomes lies is the one which derives its income primarily from non-entrepreneurial sources such as unearned incomes of rents, interests and monopoly profits. The following characteristics of an underdeveloped economy are found in the Indian economy: 1. Boeke but he emphasised the social dualism, according to which there is sharp contrast between the social systems characterising the two broad sectors of the economy, one in which the original social system with its subsistence or pre-capitalist nature, limited wants, non-economic behaviour and low level of economic and social welfare prevails, and the other where imported capitalist system with its modern system of industrial organisation, wage employment, unlimited wants and positive behaviour to economic incentives exists. Yet, as Table 2 shows, some of the poorest Some countries such as countries of Africa do not face problem of rapid population growth, others have to cope with the consequences of rapid population growth. While developing countries are countries where the level of welfare of the population is still in the middle of developing level. The low levels of productivity in the developing economies has been caused by dominance of low-productivity agriculture and informal sectors in their economies, low levels of capital formation – both physical and human (education, health), lack of technological progress, rapid population growth which are in fact the very characteristics of the underdeveloped nature of the developing economies. While almost all are poor in money terms; but there are variations in their cultural, social, political and economic conditions. Health conditions in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are highly deplorable and they continue to suffer from problems of acute undernourishment, malnourishment and children’s mortality rate. A developing country is also known as an LMIC, or a low and middle-income country. In such an economy, the low level of per capita income limits the size of the market demand for manufacturing output which weakens the inducement to invest. fundamental to the comparison of developed and developing countries Not only is the capital stock extremely small, but the current rate of capital formation is also very low. Rapid Growth of Population: In most of the developing countries, the birth rate is high as the death rate has been checked because of the development and extension of medical facilities. For example, in India rate of investment has now (2012-13) risen to about 35 per cent but it still remains a poor country with low level of productivity. Characteristics of Developing Countries BY Hafeez260 The theme of this essay is: the importance of a study of other semi-developed countries as they struggle for economic growth, the elimination of mass poverty and, at the political level, for democratisation and the reduction of reliance on coercion. Secondly, as emphasized by Amartya Sen, development is needed so that people should enjoy freedom and life of valued functioning. Low standard of living. The characteristics of developing countries are stated in the following: Low per capita income: Per capita income is very low in developing countries. This is because as a result of rapid population growth, capital per head is still very low. Has a high income per capita. It is thus in the interest of world peace and harmony that the poor countries are enabled to remove or reduce their poverty. The concept of dualism was first of all introduced into the development analysis by Dr. J.H. The developing countries are not only furnished with low levels of living, but they are characterized by low levels of labor productivity. Thus, according to Amartya Sen, freedom of choice, and control of one’s own life are central aspects of well-being for which true development is needed. There are also challenges in energy and higher rates of violence against women. This rate has been rising still more in recent years, thanks to the advances in medical sciences which have greatly reduced the death rate due to epidemics and diseases. As regards the prevalence of malnourishment, the condition in India is shocking as it has the highest, 43.5%, of children less than 5 years age whereas it is only 1.3% in 2009. Developed countries share several other characteristics: They are highly industrialized. However, despite this great diversity there are many common features of the developing economies. While most of them are located in many parts of Africa and Asia, some countries in South and Central America are also referred to as developing countries. High Population Growth Rate. The poor countries will agitate more and more for a share in prosperity and, consequently, their demand on the richer countries will grow louder and louder in volume and intensity. Low Level of Income 2. 1. Generally, there exist large inequalities in the distribution of incomes in developing countries. posted by John Spacey, April 30, 2018 A developed country is a nation that offers economic security and a high quality of life to its population. However, there appears to be a common feature, namely, a rapid rate of population growth. Todaro classifies these common characteristics into six broad categories: Indian economy possesses all the characteristics common to underdeveloped or developing countries. It is the relative difference between the rich and poor countries which will make the poor countries discontented. In … Therefore, for removal of poverty, direct anti-poverty measures such as generation of enough employment opportunities are taken. Large inequalities in income distribution prevailing in these economies have made the lives of the people more miserable. It will be seen from Table 4.4 that life expectancy at birth in low income (LIC) and lower middle income countries (LMC) is 57% and 68% respectively in 2009 as against 80% in high income developed countries. Note that, according to the new view as made popular by Amartya Sen economic development is needed mainly for two reasons: (2) Enlargement of human capabilities and freedoms. To achieve these economic growths is necessary but not sufficient. Common Characteristics of LDCs: According to United Nations’ data, there are 130 (74) developing countries in the world. With the growth of population in the last few decades the demographic preserve on land has increased resulting in fall in land-labour ratio. Developing countries are the poor countries of our world. It will be seen from Table 4.3 that in India enrolment for secondary education is 60 per cent and in China 78 per cent of relevant age group. Famous Lewis model of economic development with unlimited supplies of labour and Fei-Ranis model of “Development in a Labour Surplus Economy” explain how in dualistic economies, the unemployed and underemployed labour in the traditional sector is drawn into a modern high productivity sector. This un-nourishment impairs the working capacity of the individuals and also makes them unable to acquire education and skills needed for high productivity job. Besides, there are lot of differences with regard to levels of education, health, food production and availability of … A developing country is generally predominantly agricultural. The bad effect of this dependency burden for developing countries is that it reduces saving rate of the community and therefore adversely affects economic growth. One indication of the capital deficiency is the low amount of capital per head of population. Technology can be used to assist countries in developing their economies, building trade opportunities and furthering education. Political independence has naturally raised expectations of the people in the economic sphere. The desire to develop is keenly felt by different sections of their population. According to estimates made by ILO given in Table 4.1 on an average 61 per cent of workforce of low-income developing countries was employed in agriculture whereas only 19 per cent in industry and 20 per cent in services. characteristics of poverty include inadequate diet, poor health, short life expectancy, and illiteracy. It may however be noted that the extent of poverty prevailing in the developing countries is not fully reflected in the per capita income which is only an average income and also includes the incomes of the rich also. Following are some of the basic and important characteristics which are common to all developing economies: An idea of the characteristics of a developing economy must have been gathered from the above analysis of the definitions of an underdeveloped economy. The per capita income of the people of India is very low in comparison with that of the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and Japan. In our analysis of human development index (HDI) we noted that there is great disparity in human capital among the developing and developed countries. This lowers the quality of the people of developing countries as productive agents and wealth creators. In India adult literacy rate is only 63 per cent in 2009 whereas it is much higher in China (94 %) and Brazil (90 %) as compared to 98% in high-income developed countries. It is evident from above that educational and skill levels in developing countries are much lower as compared to developed countries. The natural resources in an underdeveloped economy are either unutilised or underutilised. The unemployment and underemployment in these less developed economies are not only due to the slow growth of capital or low rate of investment, it is also due to the highly capital-intensive techniques used in the modern sector. Lack of Capital Formation 4. Some of the indicators used to define a state as either developed or developing include the World Bank Income Classification, Human Development Index, and fall in Extreme Poverty among others. Are variations in their organised industrial and services sectors agents and wealth creators life greater! Education and literacy levels, and diet dominance of agriculture in developing countries common... Cultural, social, political and economic conditions a negotiation in the world obtained. One that possesses a high percentage of people with infectious diseases land has increased resulting in fall in ratio... 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