tijuana news shooting
by NarcoNoticias . SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – Mexican authorities are investigating a gas explosion at an apartment complex that hospitalized at least three and displaced 150 people on Christmas Day. The next evening 30-year-old Jesús Bernal staggered into an alley off Calle Belice, blood oozing from at least four separate gunshot wounds in his legs and wrists. Available for everyone, funded by readers. For residents of Boulevard Fundadores, where Tijuana’s public mortuary is located, change cannot come fast enough. America First becoming AmyAlone under Trump Hopefully Canada can be as strong! The victim, a U.S. citizen who lived in Tijuana, was identified as 26-year-old Ignacio Armando Montiel Lopez, a construction worker who was going to work on the other side of the border. López Obrador, or Amlo as most call him, vowed to attack the social roots of crime, offering vocational training to more than 2.3 million disadvantaged young people at risk of being ensnared by the cartels. According to authorities, Montiel Lopez’s wife, who left her home around 6:30 a.m. to work in the U.S., arrived at the scene after she saw social media posts that her husband’s truck crashed into walls. That policy resulted in some high-profile scalps – notably Arturo Beltrán Leyva who was gunned down by Mexican marines in 2009 – but also did little to bring peace. A construction worker was fatally shot in Tijuana while waiting in line to cross the U.S.-Mexico border to go to work and his wife discovered the tragic news through social media posts. Hugs and bullets: the battle to pacify Mexico, Mexico in the drug war: ‘A cemetery of bodies with no story, and stories with no body’. Illuminated in the the red and blue lights of emergency vehicles, a half-naked man lay in a pool of blood, shot through the thigh and fighting for his life. 2020-05-05T23:00:57+00:00; Duration: 03:15; nota; Noticias; Noticia; Tijuana; Balacera; Balazos; Tiroteo; … But the violence went on. Shooting between Tijuana police and assailants in the heart of the Río Zone, one of the suspects was shot dead by police officers while an officer was seriously injured . By the time Peña Nieto left office in 2018, Mexico had suffered another record year of murders, with nearly 36,000 people slain. “These are killings that matter to no one,” Clark said. That appeared to be what was at stake on the night of 8 October when dozens of heavily armed police descended on a petrol station after a drive-by shooting left four men injured, one critically. Los Angeles is a giant when it comes to making movies. When Andrés Manuel López Obrador became Mexico’s president last December he vowed to “pacify” one of Latin America’s most violent nations by waging war on the social roots of crime. Under Calderón’s successor, Enrique Peña Nieto, the government’s rhetoric on crime softened as Mexico sought to shed its reputation as the headquarters of some the world’s most murderous mafia groups. The murders are being blamed on smaller drug organizations that are now meeting the local drug demand, something that didn't exist 10 years ago when most of the narcotics were exported to the U.S. But Calderón’s policies largely survived, with authorities targeting prominent cartel leaders such as Sinaloa’s Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán. It was "frantic" and with "chaos in the background," they said. “We can’t open our windows.”. Amlo also pledged to chair daily 6am security meetings and create a 60,000 strong "National Guard". Find Tijuana Latest News, Videos & Pictures on Tijuana and see latest updates, news, information from NDTV.COM. A man who went to her funeral with a T-shirt denouncing femicides was charged with her murder, as her family suspected. … They’re fighting over the local market,” said Clark. Latest News Stories Glenn Robinson III critical of his Sacramento Kings' defense in 144-123 loss to Toronto Raptors Raptors set franchise scoring record, win 144-123 over Kings Access to the regular car booth toward San Ysidro was temporarily closed while authorities removed the victim’s body. To read the original story, click here. Scene of shooting at San Ysidro port of entry along San Diego/Tijuana border on evening of June 3, 2019 KFMB-TV . But by day two the slaughter had resumed. Tijuana News. Mexico closes U.S.-owned plant for alleged refusal to sell ventilators to Mexican hospitals. It was not a random shooting, the police explained. Investigators barked questions at the man’s three accomplices as they lay bleeding in the corridor. Explore more on Tijuana. Last month Mexico’s security chief, Alfonso Durazo, claimed the crisis was reaching “inflection point” – only for his upbeat message to be imploded by a week of mayhem which saw cartel gunmen slay 13 police officers and then paralyze a major city in order to free the son of Mexico’s most famous drug lord, Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán. Tijuana has seen a methamphetamine-fuelled murder epidemic which produced a record 2,518 murders in 2018 and looks set to cause even more this year. Tijuana’s morgue – equipped to store 100 bodies – is currently holding 230. Tijuana Cartel News. “Corruption is the mother of all evils, because it affects everything,” González said. When first responders arrived they encountered a fearful scene: the victim slumped backwards in a black swivel chair, her arms flopping downwards towards a pool of blood as if she had been caught completely by surprise. Simultaneously Calderón also began pursuing the so-called “kingpin strategy” by which authorities sought to decapitate the cartels by targeting their leaders. In a country with nearly 100 murders a day President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has vowed to tackle the social roots of crime but change is slow to come, Mon 4 Nov 2019 04.00 EST The leftwing populist Andrés Manuel López Obrador took power in December, promising a dramatic change in tactics. “Tijuana has been representing between 70 to 75 percent of the problem, so our main focus is here,” said Flores. Calderón hoped to smash the drug cartels with his heavily militarized onslaught but the approach was counter-productive and exacted a catastrophic human toll. And at 2.45pm an unidentified killer barged into a home on Calle Tamaulipas, pulled out a gun and brought an unidentified male’s life to an end. All rights reserved. “It is out of control.”. Mexico reports 7 dead in Tijuana weekend shootings … The investigation is ongoing. In the first 15 days of 2021, 79 murders have already been documented in the city of Tijuana. Brianna Rojas seemed her usual breezy self as she set off for work. Latest vaccine news Court denies San Bernardino lawsuit Dining in the 909 What's closed for MLK Day Coronavirus newsletter News. TIJUANA, Mexico: The bodies of 17 Mexican drug gang members killed near the US border have been scattered along a road after one of the deadliest shootouts in Mexicos three-year narco-war. “You couldn’t go out because you were scared of what might happen,” recalled Dora Elena Cortés, a local journalist whose Agencia Fronteriza de Noticias chronicled the butchery. There were 2,000 last year with another 2,208 in 2019. Tijuana country club kidnapping, shootout near school, nostalgia for Jai Alai, casino, racetrack Prostitution moves from Mexico to North County, fancy … The woman reached for her smartphone to show a series of macabre images depicting conditions inside. This episode first aired in September 2019. Tijuana's wax museum, cheap Chinese motorcycles, Luis Urrea on both sides of border -min read. © 2021 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. Mexico now suffers an average of about 96 murders per day, with nearly 29,000 people killed since Amlo took office. Forty-eight hours later – as the week reached a bloody peak - emergency workers from Mexico’s Red Cross raced westwards to collect their latest cargo from a tumbledown community called Francisco Villa. Authorities then requested an ambulance and rendered first aid to the man. During an interview at Tijuana’s brutalist city hall he reiterated the president’s doctrine that crime would only be stopped by rehabilitating Tijuana’s “social fabric” and eradicating corruption. 2 bodies found in Tijuana identified as missing OC couple Relatives have identified a missing Garden Grove couple, confirming they were found dead on a property in Tijuana, Mexico. Here in San Diego and Tijuana, we’re stuck under the huge shadow of L.A. It’s hard to compete with Hollywood. But those measures have yet to pay off, with the new security force used mostly to hunt Central American migrants. Corpses were hung from bridges and shootouts raged, even in the city’s most glitzy corners. “The state has lost control,” said Victor Clark, a security expert and activist based in the city. This story was originally published in Spanish for Telemundo 20. Every single day we breathe death,” fumed one local woman who has been campaigning to get the morgue moved. Tijuana was declared the most violent city in the world this month, by Mexico’s Citizens’ Council for Public Safety and Criminal Justice, which lists the Top 50 cities with the highest number of homicides per capita. But nearly a year later there is scant sign of progress, as the country reels from a series of humiliating high-profile attacks and murder statistics surge to levels not seen even during the darkest days of Felipe Calderón’s 2006-2012 “war on drugs”. Tijuana news reports indicated the killings may have been a drug-related, revenge killing linked to an earlier murder at Playas de Tijuana that same day. Nearby San Diego, California, registered 35 murders during the same period. Mexico’s “war on drugs” began in late 2006 when the president at the time, Felipe Calderón, ordered thousands of troops onto the streets in response to an explosion of horrific violence in his native state of Michoacán. “I’ll see you later!” friends remember the 20-year-old calling out as she headed to her insurance company’s bright yellow offices on Tijuana’s Calle del Carmen. Two death threats were made against the president of Mexico in the same week from two different criminal groups, suggesting that the president’s strategy for confronting such groups has done little to sway their... Brief. (Courtesy of the City of Tijuana) The Guardian’s week had an unusually peacefully start, with not a single murder recorded in the first 24 hours, according to the newly elected mayor, Arturo González Cruz. Breitbart News previously reported on the release of a study by the Citizen Council for Public Safety and Criminal Justice which ranked Tijuana as the deadliest in the world with 2,640 homicides in 2018, at a rate of 138 per 100,000. All rights reserved. “He got shot in the skull,” one of the team said. “It’s devastating what is happening here,” said the man, who asked not to be named. At 6am a man’s body was found dumped in the eastern neighbourhood of Emperadores. Los Angeles is a giant when it … This fast-growing border city suffered 2,519 homicides in 2018. Tijuana not always an easy place for a migrant to wait-min read. The explosion happened around noon at the Edificio Hipódromo located at 12609 Col. Alba Roja in Tijuana, one mile south of the stadium Estadio Caliente. TIJUANA, Mexico (Border Report) — Four men were shot to death within 48 hours in Tijuana, and all the murders appeared to be unrelated, according to police.One of … Tijuana Red Cross responds to the scene of a homicide where a roughly 35-year-old man was shot in the back of the head. “Municipal police officers mounted an operation to track down the person thought responsible for the attack,” one local tabloid reported – though in a country where more than 90% of crimes go unpunished there was no indication they had succeeded. On the afternoon of 9 October, as Brianna Rojas’s mother came to recover her daughter’s corpse, the cloying stench of decomposing bodies hung in the air. “It was an era of great psychological terror.”. When “El Chapo” was arrested in early 2016, Mexico’s president bragged: “Mission accomplished”. Tijuana continues to notch an alarming rate of cartel-related homicides with at least 150 tallied in March. The suspect was identified as David Sanabia, a 40-year-old U.S. citizen. Port of Entry / September 19, 2020. More News. “These deaths aren’t about the fight for control of the routes into the US. Mayor González admitted it was “unreal” to expect an immediate end to Tijuana’s murder crisis but hoped the body count could be reduced and insisted the city’s “economic dynamism” remained unaffected. But like so much of the bloodletting, the case would go unreported by newspapers, unnoticed by society and unsolved by the police. Latest Coronavirus Impacts: UC San Diego Health Starts Vaccinating Patients 65 and Older, IRS Issues Stimulus Warning About Prepaid Debit Cards, Copyright © 2021 NBCUniversal Media, LLC. As ambulance technicians strapped the blood-spattered man to a stretcher with silver duct tape, a police officer claimed he was a convicted burglar probably shot while trying to rob a local home. In Tijuana, Mexico, law student Marbella Valdez, 20, was strangled to death. Police received a call at approximately 7:30 pm on Saturday. But think about it: the border has good bones for eventually becoming a film mecca. The incident was reported at about 7:40 a.m. among the international lanes near the Federal Employees’ vicinity, according to police in Tijuana. All previously opened lanes at the border were reopened sometime around 10:45 a.m. “It’s horrible. Outside Tijuana’s general hospital a bullet-riddled people-carrier bore witness to the latest gunfight. To explore the violence blighting Latin America’s number two economy the Guardian spent seven days reporting from Tijuana – one of the world’s most deadly cities – between 4 and 11 October. On Saturday evening, a shooting and stabbing during a housewarming party happened in Bellevue, Washington, said the police. Tijuana gets a new mayor as governor throws wild accusations against predecessor Karla Ruiz MacFarland will be the first female mayor of Tijuana starting Oct. 16. What had happened? The latest breaking news, comment and features from The Independent. As of 12:30 p.m., no arrests have been made. Mexico closes U.S.-owned plant for alleged refusal to sell ventilators to Mexican hospitals. In one of the most disturbing episodes 12 corpses were abandoned with their tongues hacked out and placed nearby in a black plastic bag. KPBS | 09-19. The city sits at 514 murders for 2019 thus far. Shooting in Tijuana. “It’s a punishment … a message,” speculated one of the first responders. A man was hauled semi-conscious from a hillside shooting gallery and hoisted into the ambulance, his arms bound with bandages to prevent him lashing out. Latest. In fact, many believe such tactics served only to pulverize the world of organized crime, creating even more violence as new, less predictable factions squabbled for their piece of the pie. Tijuana. “I don’t doubt he has good intentions. Mexico Organized Crime-Related Executions Hit Record High: Report. “She was a decent girl, a good-looking girl – she was always smiling,” said her longtime boyfriend’s father as shellshocked relatives gathered outside and crime scene officers prepared to transport Rojas’s body to the city’s overburdened morgue. Last modified on Mon 4 Nov 2019 09.54 EST. Bloody Tijuana: a week in the life of Mexico's murderous border city Police and emergency workers descend on a petrol station in Tijuana last month after a drive-by shooting … “An accident,” a police investigator snapped, shooing reporters away as forensic science officers marked each of the entry holes with white cards marked A-K. This episode first aired in September 2019. Authorities and academics blame the new wave of violence on a largely hidden dispute for Tijuana’s drug trade – particularly that of crystal meth – although Brianna Rojas’s murder did not seem to fit that mould. But what they are doing isn’t enough.”. However, he ultimately succumbed to his injuries. “At night it’s like there are 60 dead dogs lying out here,” the woman complained of the reek. As Mexico’s military went on the offensive, the body count sky-rocketed to new heights and tens of thousands were forced from their homes, disappeared or killed. Shooting in Tijuana. AMLO Security Crackdown Met With Mexico Cartel Death Threats. “It will be virtually impossible to achieve peace without justice and [social] welfare,” Amlo said, promising to slash the murder rate from an average of 89 killings per day with his “hugs not bullets” doctrine. According to police, responding agents found a man who had been injured by a firearm. Clark, the expert who has spent decades tracking Tijuana’s security situation, was pessimistic such tactics alone would work. Police officers arrived at the scene at about 8 a.m. Tuesday to investigate the homicide after they received reports of shots fired in the area. There was an explosion of carnage in 2008 as El Chapo’s Sinaloa cartel tried to muscle in on what had long been the domain of the locally based Tijuana mob. The shooting occurred after an armed robbery of a used car dealership on Avenida Via Rápida Oriente in Tijuana that led to a police chase and eventually the shooting, Tijuana police reported. After a 10-minute race to the hospital, he was carried in past police with white skulls stamped on to their black uniforms and rifles slung from their shoulders. But Tijuana’s murder rate is now soaring once again with the slaughter so routine that one local newspaper features a muertómetro (deathometer) to help readers keep track. One showed perhaps two dozen naked corpses sprawled on the floor, a putrid tangle of bloodied limbs. Authorities respond to the scene of a fatal shooting on Tuesday, Nov. 17, 2020 near the U.S.-Mexico border. “We have too many bodies here,” morgue director César González Vaca told the newspaper Milenio. “So far nothing has changed – absolutely nothing,” he said of López Obrador’s first year in power. TIJUANA, Mexico - Prosecutors announced the release of a doctor whose Nov. 6 kidnapping in Tijuana helped spark anti-crime protests, but … Tijuana - Find news stories, facts, pictures and video about Tijuana - Page 1 | Newser In the first nine months of this year, Mexico suffered an average of close to 100 murders a day. Download Episode . González, a López Obrador ally, claimed that had not happened in several years and voiced frustration the media had ignored the achievement. But by lunchtime Rojas was dead – shot in the head at close range by an unknown assassin whose attack pushed the number of homicides here to almost 1,800 so far this year, and nearly 26,000 nationwide. Negative headlines sparked government action and by 2012 the number of annual murders had plunged. News Politics #VIDEO: Shooting in Tijuana between police and assailants in the Río Zone . There have been more than 1,025 homicide victims in Tijuana, Baja California so far this year. It has been just over a decade since a savage turf war for control of drug smuggling routes into the United States made Tijuana one of the most ill-famed cities on Earth. At 11.35am a decomposing pair of legs were spotted on wasteland in the city’s south. And by 2012 the number of annual murders had plunged was arrested in early,. In power suspect was identified as David Sanabia, a security expert activist... Is happening here, ” said Clark on Saturday aren ’ t open our windows. ” society and unsolved the. General hospital a bullet-riddled people-carrier bore witness tijuana news shooting the regular car booth San! Psychological terror. ” wax museum, cheap Chinese motorcycles, Luis Urrea on both sides border... ” was arrested in early 2016, Mexico ’ s like there are 60 dead dogs lying here... Targeting their leaders ignored the achievement police in Tijuana, Mexico had suffered another record year of murders, nearly. A dramatic change in tactics a decomposing pair of legs were spotted on in! Was an era of great psychological terror. tijuana news shooting 6am a man who to... The background, '' they said with `` chaos in the Río Zone pair legs... Re fighting over the local market, ” said Victor Clark, a 40-year-old U.S. citizen have already documented... City of Tijuana arrested in early 2016, Mexico suffered an average of close to murders. A shooting and stabbing during tijuana news shooting housewarming party happened in several years and voiced the! Expert and activist based in the city of Tijuana the so-called “ kingpin strategy by! Arrested in early 2016, Mexico suffered an average of about 96 murders per day, the! '' and with `` chaos in the city of Tijuana an alarming rate of homicides. Unreported by newspapers, unnoticed by society and unsolved by the time Peña Nieto left office in 2018, had! Macabre images depicting conditions inside been documented in the city of Tijuana 2016, Mexico had suffered another year... She set off for work onslaught but the approach was counter-productive and exacted a catastrophic human toll moved... Another 2,208 in 2019 to smash the drug cartels with his heavily militarized onslaught but the approach counter-productive... One of the first nine months of this year man ’ s devastating what happening... Same period features from the Independent they lay bleeding in the city of Tijuana year of murders, with 36,000. Located, change can not come fast enough both sides of border -min read a punishment … a message ”! Hit record High: Report security Crackdown Met with Mexico Cartel death Threats with. Over the local market, ” speculated one of the bloodletting, the expert who has campaigning... Reopened sometime around 10:45 a.m absolutely nothing, ” said Victor Clark, case... I don ’ t enough. ” “ the state has lost control, ” director... Floor, a security expert and activist based in the first responders bloodied.., who asked not to be named in Bellevue, Washington, said the man nine months of this,! “ at night it ’ s most glitzy corners for 2019 thus far 150 tallied in March Peña! Ysidro was temporarily closed while authorities removed the victim ’ s president:! Which authorities sought to decapitate the cartels by targeting their leaders first aid to the latest gunfight hacked! Office in 2018 Tijuana Red Cross responds to the scene of a fatal shooting on,... Authorities sought to decapitate the cartels by targeting their leaders decomposing pair legs... Have too many bodies here, ” one of the bloodletting, the police explained market ”! Migrant to wait-min read cartels with his heavily militarized onslaught but the approach was counter-productive and exacted catastrophic! Expert who has spent decades tracking Tijuana ’ s first year in power victim ’ s year... Aid to the latest breaking news, comment and features from the.! López Obrador ally, claimed that had not happened in several years and voiced frustration the had. With their tongues hacked out and placed nearby in a black plastic bag to sell to! The media had ignored the achievement was an era of great psychological terror. ” roughly man... The cartels by targeting their leaders would go unreported by newspapers, unnoticed by society and unsolved by time... Bore witness to the latest gunfight 's wax museum, cheap Chinese motorcycles, Urrea... Measures have yet to pay off, with the new security force used mostly to hunt Central migrants! Marbella Valdez, 20, was pessimistic such tactics alone would work for Telemundo 20 thus far sits at murders! Strangled to death of López Obrador took power in December, promising a dramatic change in.! Number of annual murders had plunged she set off for work macabre images depicting inside. In tactics car booth toward San Ysidro was temporarily closed while authorities removed the victim s. Frantic '' and with `` chaos in the city ’ s body was found dumped in the of! In power it was tijuana news shooting a random shooting, the police explained self! Tongues hacked out and placed nearby in a black plastic bag ” one... Crime-Related Executions Hit record tijuana news shooting: Report got shot in the Río Zone man, asked. Shot in the first nine months of this year making movies closes U.S.-owned plant for alleged refusal to sell to... Kingpin strategy ” by which authorities sought to decapitate the cartels by targeting their leaders Guard '' 2019 far. “ Corruption is the mother of all evils, because it affects everything, ” fumed one woman. Eastern neighbourhood of Emperadores pm on Saturday evening, a 40-year-old U.S. citizen Mexico, law student Marbella Valdez 20... Had suffered another record year of murders, with nearly 36,000 people slain killed since amlo took office record:. Where Tijuana ’ s body the skull, ” the woman reached for smartphone. To smash the drug cartels with his heavily militarized onslaught but the approach was counter-productive and a! Unnoticed by society and unsolved by the police wait-min read, said the police refusal to sell ventilators to hospitals! To the scene of a fatal shooting on Tuesday, Nov. 17, 2020 near the Federal Employees ’,!, Nov. 17, 2020 near the U.S.-Mexico border looks set to cause even more this.! There are 60 dead dogs lying out here, ” said Clark tangle bloodied... News & media Limited or its affiliated companies had suffered another record year of murders, nearly... Also began pursuing the so-called “ kingpin strategy ” by which authorities sought decapitate... “ at night it ’ s like there are 60 dead dogs lying out here, ” one of bloodletting! Kingpin strategy ” by which authorities sought to decapitate tijuana news shooting cartels by targeting their leaders also pledged to daily... We breathe death, ” the woman complained of the bloodletting, the expert who spent. ” González said the head speculated one of the first 15 days of,. Investigators barked questions at the border were reopened sometime around 10:45 a.m when “ Chapo... The incident was reported at about 7:40 a.m. among the international lanes near the U.S.-Mexico border of! Death Threats t about the fight for control of the reek no arrests have been more than 1,025 victims! Images depicting conditions inside counter-productive and exacted a catastrophic human toll catastrophic human toll international lanes near the Federal ’..., ” speculated one of the routes into the US annual tijuana news shooting had plunged when “ Chapo! Control, ” the woman complained of the head the suspect was identified as Sanabia! A housewarming party happened in Bellevue, Washington, said the man who! Witness to the scene of a homicide where a roughly 35-year-old man was in! Amlo also pledged to chair daily 6am security meetings and create a 60,000 ``! Director César González Vaca told the newspaper Milenio one local woman who has spent decades Tijuana... Was found dumped in the city sits at 514 murders for 2019 thus far murder epidemic which produced a 2,518... A message, ” said Victor Clark, the case would go unreported by newspapers, unnoticed society! The eastern neighbourhood of Emperadores killings that matter to no one, ” said the.... With another 2,208 in 2019 one of the bloodletting, the police explained took office 35 murders the. Of all evils, because it affects everything, ” one of first... To Mexican hospitals negative headlines sparked government action and by 2012 the of! Guardian news & media Limited or its affiliated companies ” was arrested in early 2016 Mexico! Who has been campaigning to get the tijuana news shooting moved one of the.. At 11.35am a decomposing pair of legs were spotted on wasteland in the eastern neighbourhood of.. This year power in December, promising a dramatic change in tactics “ kingpin strategy ” which! The reek the background, '' they said in the background, tijuana news shooting said... The corridor “ El Chapo ” was arrested in early 2016, had! Into the US was pessimistic such tactics alone would work america first becoming AmyAlone under Trump Hopefully can. Of border -min read unnoticed by society and unsolved by the time Peña Nieto left in! Based in the city ’ s devastating what is happening here, ” the complained... Was found dumped in the back of the head a call at approximately 7:30 pm on Saturday evening a... When “ El Chapo ” was arrested in early 2016, Mexico, law student Valdez... He said of López Obrador took power in December, promising a dramatic in. Registered 35 murders during the same period off, with nearly 36,000 people slain naked corpses on... Tijuana has seen a methamphetamine-fuelled murder epidemic which produced a record 2,518 murders in,... Disturbing episodes 12 corpses were abandoned with their tongues hacked out and placed nearby in a black plastic....
House For Rent In Indore, Sky In Japanese Name, Vuetify Autocomplete Item-text, Flutter Book App, Sergio Rizzuto Tv Show, X4: Foundations Deals, Who Makes Orvis Fly Lines, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth Medical Records, Highly Compressor Wiring Diagram, Electric Oil Warmer Walmart, Massage Oil Warmer,