who was killed in the night of the long knives
Most of those killed were members of the "Storm Division" (SA) (German: Sturmabteilung), a Nazi paramilitary organization. Many have pointed to the Night of the Long Knives as the point where hope of positive change in Germany died, along with Hitler's political opponents. WhatsApp. National Socialist Factory Cell Organization, National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist Workers’ Party of Denmark, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hm-Putsch, https://wwx.fandom.com/wiki/Victims_of_the_Night_of_the_Long_Knives?oldid=4042. Finally, it should be noted that many—but not all—of the victims had some role in bringing Hitler to power. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate his power and alleviate the concerns of the German military about the role of Ernst Röhm and the The violence perpetrated on the Night of the Long Knives would only escalate as the Third Reich Later, Hans Günther Richardi, in his study on the Dachau concentration camp, added the names of four inmates of Dachau (lawyer Julius Adler (1882–1934), worker Erich Gans (1908–1934), Walter Häbich and worker Adam Hereth (1897-1934)), claiming they were murdered by the SS during the purge. It took place in Germany between June 30 and July 2, 1934. Hitler personally arrested Röhm and the SA leaders. He ordered the death of Ernst Rohm and the dismantling of the SA. The Night of the Long Knives was considered by Hindenburg to be a great victory over the rowdy and uncontrollable SA, a victory that he enjoyed for exactly one month until his death on 1 August 1934. In August, Hindenburg died. [2], Richard J. Evans states that at least 85 people were killed and more than 1000 were arrested. Pinterest. Night of the Long Knives, in German history, purge of Nazi leaders by Adolf Hitler on June 30, 1934. 2) After this "purge," of their leaders, many S.A. members simply "retired" or found new jobs. The Night of the Long Knives not only removed the SA leaders but also got Hitler the army’s oath that he so needed. Hitler could not afford to annoy businessmen or the army, so the SS (Hitler's personal bodyguards) murdered around 400 members of the SA, including Röhm, along with a … And so the Nazis had murdered before the Night of the Long Knives. died He was now in COMPLETE control. The History Place - World War II in Europe Timeline: June 30, 1934 - The Night of the Long Knives At The History Place - A description of the events surrounding Hitler's purge of the SA and the murder of Ernst Roehm. Called the Nacht der langen Messer in Germany, this event occurred over a series of days and entailed the Nazi regime’s murder of those Hitler considered to be political enemies. People killed during the Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer) – the Nazi purge in which Hitler and the Nazi regime used the Schutzstaffel (SS) to deal with the problem of Ernst Röhm and his Sturmabteilung (SA) brownshirts (the original Nazi paramilitary organization), as well as past opponents of the party – numbered at least 85 people murdered. [1] The noted historian Ian Kershaw, author of a two-volume biography on Hitler, also cites the number of deaths at 85. He claimed that 13 people were shot while resisting arrest and 61 executed for treason, but some have said that it may have been up to 400 people who were killed. Later research by historians has shown that in addition to those listed by the Gestapo a number of others also had been killed. SGT - January 11, 2021. 15. Fearing that the paramilitary SA had become too powerful, Hitler ordered his elite SS guards to murder the organization’s leaders, including Ernst Röhm. The Night of the Tech Long Knives. In this photo, Röhm is talking to a group of SA men, who appear to be listening intently. Also killed that night were hundreds of other perceived opponents of Hitler. info)), or the Röhm Purge, also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934. Moonlight glistened on numerous silvery revolvers, contrasting with the sinister black uniforms. Linkedin. They were under the control of Ernst Julius Röhm , a loyal … The leadership of the Nazi Storm Troopers (SA), whose four million members had helped bring Hitler to power in the early 1930s, was especially targeted. But the Night of the Long Knives they kill over 100 people, not just Röhm and his closest associate, but also others who are on a hit list that Hitler, Göring, and Himmler and others put together. On 30 June, 1934, Hitler gave the world a preview of what was about to happen to it after 1939. Juni, 1. und 2. Among those cases who were at first subject to regular investigation and prosecution by the locally responsible Attorney Offices were those of the city clerk Kuno Kamphausen who was murdered at the order of an SS officer who bore a grudge against him for refusing to give a construction permission to his brother and the cases of four Jews and two Communists who were killed without permission from Berlin in the course of arbitrary actions by lower SS echelons in the province of Silesia. The Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer) was a purge in which By. and put Reinhard Heydrich in charge, though he warned that he would personally take part in the putsch. This understates the number killed. The most recent study on the matter lists by name 89 people who were definitely killed, as well as two other cases of whom it is unclear whether they were murdered during the events or slightly earlier or later. Others have argued that as many as 400 people were killed during the purge. The list of 77 or 83 names respectively was kept in several copies—which were stored under lock and key—in the Ministry of Justice and the Gestapo Headquarters. Historians say that it began on June 29 and ended on June 30. "[3] It must be noted that both of those figures are much higher than the ones most historians of the period rely on, and that Shirer himself was not necessarily citing the figures as accurate, but was simply relaying them in his book. 104. Adolf Hitler claimed in his speech in the Reichstag on July 13 that 61 persons had been shot during "the action", 13 had died resisting arrest and three committed suicide. Between June 30 and July 2, all SA leaders were “purged” (murdered), as were other Nazi adversaries. General CommentThe Night of the Long Knives was a turning point in the history of Hitler's Germany. He was also a well-respected music critic, and wrote for the Munchener Neueste … During that time, Hitler’s SS troopers rounded up and killed approximately 77 men belonging to … Immediately after the events of the purge the Gestapo compiled an official list of those killed at the order of Hitler himself who wished to gain an overall view on the number and identity of those killed in order to prepare the Reichstag speech in which he intended to present his interpretation of the occurrences of June 30 to July 2 to the German public and the world in general, and which he finally delivered on July 13. They managed to present about 100 names of people allegedly killed, although a number of those eventually turned out to have survived, such as the former SA chief of Berlin Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf (who was actually one of the organizers of the purge - e.g. The Night of the Long Knives (a phrase from a popular Nazi song) also called “Operation Hummingbird” or the “Rohm- Putch,” is considered an important day and a turning point in Germany’s history. During the Purge itself official radio and newspaper reports only gave the names of 10 people killed: the six SA-leaders executed in Stadelheim Prison on June 30; Kurt von Schleicher, a German general and a former Chancellor of the Weimar Republic, and his wife; Karl Ernst, who was wrongly reported to have been shot in Stadelheim, whereas in fact he was shot in the barracks of Hitler's Personal Guard Unit in Berlin Lichterfelde; and Ernst Röhm. The Night of the Long It was during this speech that Hitler gave the purge its name: Night of the Long Knives (a phrase from a popular Nazi song). ")[1] it was decided that the killing of everybody on that list was to be considered lawful and that therefore the police and Attorney Offices were prohibited from investigating and prosecuting anyone for those killings. "[2] The journalist and historian William L. Shirer writes in his Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, that "The White Book of the Purge, published by émigrés in Paris claims 401 deaths, but lists only 116 of them. This enabled Hitler to proclaim himself Führer of National Socialist Germany and to claim absolute power. Background to the Purge The same applied to requests of other state authorities (especially police departments and Attorney Offices) who inquired at the Ministry of Justice or the Gestapo headquarters whether they should open and or continue investigation of a specific killing that had taken place on the three days from June 30 to July 2. Hitler made himself President as well as Chancellor, a new role called ‘Der Fuehrer.’ He also made himself head of the armed forces, who had to swear an oath of loyalty to him. 102–112. On June 30, Hitler and a large group of SS men arrived at the Hanslbauer Hotel, where Röhm was waiting. It was about 6 a.m. when Hitler, his pistol in hand, apprehended Röhm in his room and put him under arrest. The proprietor and the head-waiter of the Bratwurst-Gloeckle in Munich, Röhm's favorite tavern, where Goebbels had met secretly with Röhm prior to the purge. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Kershaw also notes that "some estimates...put the total number killed at between 150 and 200. Because they wanted to take control of the army, therefore gaining more people and furthermore enough to take over Hitler. Hitler claimed that 61 had been executed while 13 had been shot resisting arrest and three had committed suicide. The lists thus were used by the Ministry and the Gestapo as a referential tool which could be consulted to decide, whether requests of relatives and friends of those killed to be given information on the circumstances of death of their beloved ones, or requests to prosecute those responsible for their killing would be answered in the affirmative (people killed and not mentioned on the Gestapo list) or in the negative (people whose names were to be found on the list). In his speech Hitler revealed the names of 11 of those 77 (Ferdinand von Bredow, Georg von Detten, Karl Ernst, Hans Hayn, Edmund Heines, Peter von Heydebreck, Ernst Röhm, Kurt von Schleicher, Gregor Strasser, and Julius Uhl). The list of victims was retrieved from the German Wikipedia unless otherwise stated. "[5] Both of those figures are much higher than the ones most historians of the period rely on, and that Shirer himself was not necessarily citing the figures as accurate, but was simply relaying them in his book. The SS was moving into position for the first of its many deadly tasks. Hitler had made it clear that he was the supreme ruler of Germany who had the right to be judge and jury, and had the power to decide whether people lived or died. Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, during which the Nazis killed some of his confidants. Former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher, who was plotting the return of the Hohenzollern monarchy, was … However, the list of 77 was far from being complete: Hitler admitted that some excesses had taken place and stated that he had handed over the cases of several people who had been killed as part of unauthorized actions by subordinate organs to the authorities, who were supposed to implement a regular prosecution of the perpetrators. When was the Night of the Long Knives? He gave the job to the Gestapo and the SS (q.v.) The Night of the Long Knives involved the violent purge of certain members of the Nazi Party from June 30th to July 2nd in 1934. Due to their friendship, Hitler offered Röhm the … [6], National Socialist German Students' League (NSDStB), National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (NSRL), Combat League of Revolutionary National Socialists (KGRNS), South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina), Estimates of people killed in addition to those on the official list, Rainer Orth: Der SD-Mann Johannes Schmidt. Not only did they kill stormtrooper leaders, but anyone else who had been particularly troublesome to Hitler and other high-ranking Party officials. A convoy of lorries moved quietly through the night. and Adolf Morsbach, the head of the cosmopolitan-minded Akademischer Austauschdienst (Academic Exchange Programme), who had instead been sent to a Nazi concentration camp. The list of victims was retrieved from the German Wikipedia unless otherwise stated.[4]. Heines was eventually shot, but the fate of the other is unknown. ... Hitler killed many SA soldiers, the leaders and any other opposition to Hitler. 0. In Germany, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler orders a bloody purge of his own political party, assassinating hundreds of Nazis whom he believed had the potential to become political enemies in the future. The Night of the Long Knives, or the Röhm Purge, also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, when Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, carried out a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate his hold on … Adolf Hitler claimed in his speech in the Reichstag on July 13 that 61 persons had been shot during "the action", 13 had died resisting arrest and three committed suicide. 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