comprising vs consisting of
userIds: [{ bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, “Consists of” It is often stated that "consisting of" should be interpreted exhaustively (as in, "consisting only of"). name: "idl_env", { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, As others have mentioned (and per dictionary.com), “consisting of” is correct usage, where “A consists of B,” meaning that B makes up or composes A could be expressed as an adjunct, adjectival clause modifying A in the phrase “A, consisting of B.” Ex. syncDelay: 3000 { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, name: "pubCommonId", Translated into English, this is basically: As an aside, you’ll note that the wording used in a patent claim, wherever possible, makes use of generic placeholders instead of actual nouns (“grip means” vs “handle”) and the reason for this is that by doing so, it potentially broadens the scope of protection conferred by the claim to functional equivalents. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, var pbAdUnits = getPrebidSlots(curResolution); {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, dfpSlots['houseslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [], 'ad_houseslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); enableSendAllBids: false var mapping_btmslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250], 'fluid']).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50], 'fluid']).build(); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, type: "cookie", var pbDesktopSlots = [ defaultGdprScope: true 4.21 "Comprising" vs. "consistingof". 'increment': 0.05, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, When you use “comprise,” you’re talking about all the parts that make up something. storage: { February 10, 2017) discusses the impact to the scope of claims when using a closed transitional phrase “consisting of.” Three types of transitional phrases exist: “comprising,” “ consisting of ” and “consisting essentially of.” (Clearly, this claim would not pass muster in the real world as the braking device would also need to have a cylinder, controller, hoses etc., but this is just a hypothetical example). { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, On the other hand, if the wording "consist of" is used, then no further features are present in the apparatus/method/product … Lets take a closer look at the definitions to put this in context: comprise is a verb that means to include or contain or to consist of as in The pie comprises 8 slices. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, 102 and 103, absent a clear indication in the specification or claims of what the basic and novel characteristics actually are, “consisting essentially of” will be construed as equivalent to “comprising.” Being equivalent to comprising helps a lot. } { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, googletag.cmd.push(function() { { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, 3 synonyms of consisting (of) from the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 10 related words, definitions, and antonyms. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, GL F IV 4.21 "Comprising" vs. "consisting" A claim directed to an apparatus/method/product " comprising " certain features is interpreted as meaning that it includes those features, but that it does not exclude the presence of other features, as long as they do not render the claim unworkable. }] to consist of; be composed of: The advisory board comprises six members. dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); Although comprised of is an established standard for "being composed or constituted of," it is often liable to criticism and scrutiny. ga('set', 'dimension3', "default"); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, var mapping_houseslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([963, 0], [300, 250]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); partner: "uarus31" { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, 'buckets': [{ { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; }, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, userSync: { So, why would you not always use “comprising”? iasLog("exclusion label : wprod"); var mapping_leftslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1063, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]]).addSize([963, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); iasLog("criterion : sfr = cdo_thesaurus"); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, } Usually. Consisting Of: In its analysis, the Federal Circuit began by recognizing that the phrase “consisting of” and “consists of” are terms of art in patent claims and “creates a very strong presumption that that claim element is ‘closed’ and therefore ‘exclude [s] any elements, steps, or ingredients not specified in the claim. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, } { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, Comprise means “to be composed of” or “to contain.” Constitute means “to be one of the parts of” something. params: { 2111.03 Transitional Phrases [R-08.2017] The transitional phrases "comprising", "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" define the scope of a claim with respect to what unrecited additional components or steps, if any, are excluded from the scope of the claim. ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, 'min': 0, If the above patent used the word "comprising" instead of "consisting of", then the third party's pencil-plus-eraser would be infringing (assuming that the patent is otherwise valid). { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, As verbs the difference between include and consist is that include is to bring into a group, class, set, or total as a (new) part or member while consist is (obsolete|intransitive) to exist, to be. pbjsCfg.consentManagement = { then this would likely not be novel over two-pad brakes because the second instance of the word comprising allows each braking device to have any number of brake discs and any number of brake pads, i.e. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_tc", "resp"); pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; // FIXME: (temporary) - send ad requests only if PlusPopup is not shown bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776358', position: 'atf' }}, }, tcData.listenerId); As verbs the difference between comprise and consist is that comprise is to be made up of; to consist of (especially a comprehensive list of parts) while consist is (obsolete|intransitive) to exist, to be. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, 'max': 30, So, an invention (say, a coffee cup) may be claimed as: A receptacle comprising a liquid-receiving part and a grip means. var pbMobileLrSlots = [ googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; 2111.03 Transitional Phrases [R-08.2017] The transitional phrases "comprising", "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" define the scope of a claim with respect to what unrecited additional components or steps, if any, are excluded from the scope of the claim. This site uses cookies. In this case, the term “grip means” covers a handle, a knob, a textured outer surface on the cup body, etc., whereas the word “handle”, which could have been used instead, does not cover the latter two. 'cap': true { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, Comprise is more formal than consist: The USA comprises 50 states. However, it is rare for an applicant to deliberately intend to confine themselves in … { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, const customGranularity = { { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Discussion among translators, entitled: Transitional Phrases in Patent Claims: Comprising vs. As such, each word in a patent specification is (or should be) chosen very carefully to ensure that the optimum protection is obtained. When a claim is directed to a further therapeutic application of a medicament and the condition to be treated is defined in functional terms, e.g. "login": { }; { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, 'increment': 0.01, 'increment': 1, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, timeout: 8000, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, googletag.cmd.push(function() { window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(tcData, success) { }); }, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, },{ name: "unifiedId", While its use is common in writing and speech, it has been regarded by some language professionals as incorrect, stemming from the fact that comprise on its own already means "composed of". }, Define comprising. var mapping_rightslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); },{ iasLog("setting page_url: - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/topics/including-and-excluding/comprising-and-consisting-of/"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sfr", "cdo_thesaurus"); if(pl_p) As a noun consist is { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, For the purposes of searching for and applying prior art under 35 U.S.C. }; { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776336', position: 'btf' }}, Consist : (verb) (1) Be composed of something The committee consists of seven members. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, However, the invention may be the realisation that adequate braking can be obtained using only a single brake pad, provided the disc is sufficiently rigid. Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), A receptacle (a hollow object used to contain something), A liquid-receiving part (the main body of the cup, which holds the coffee) and. Consisting Of. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ptc", "including-and-excluding"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_l", "en"); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [300, 50] }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971066', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_l = en"); An open transition usually uses the word "comprises" or "comprising". However, many claims use "closed-ended" language such as "consisting of"." “The cookie dough, consisting of eggs, flour, butter and sugar, was delicious.” { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. var mapping_houseslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([963, 0], []).addSize([0, 0], [300, 250]).build(); expires: 365 { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, }); },{ filterSettings: { name: "_pubcid", By way of a very hypothetical example, the prior art may be a car brake that has a brake disc and and two opposing brake pads, i.e. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, However, of the claim were to read instead: A receptacle consisting of a liquid-receiving part and a grip means. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; addPrebidAdUnits(pbAdUnits); In this example, a competitor’s coffee cup that had the liquid-receiving part, the grip means and a lid or an outer sleeve, would (probably) not be held to infringe! type: "html5", if(refreshConfig.enabled == true) { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 100] }}, The fundamental difference between comprise and compose has to do with the whole versus the parts of any object or concept. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, While in everyday language the word "comprise" may have both the meaning "include", "contain" or "comprehend" and "consist of", in drafting patent claims legal certainty normally requires it to be interpreted by the broader meaning "include", "contain" or "comprehend". dfpSlots['topslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_topslot', [], 'ad_topslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); var pbMobileHrSlots = [ iasLog("__tcfapi removeEventListener", success); iasLog("criterion : cdo_dc = english"); { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, }); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, Another word for consisting of. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, Become a client / sign our terms of business, Registered in England & Wales No: 07491607. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, } { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [300, 600] }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", the one disc/two pad brake of the prior art. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, } one pad squeezing in on each side of the disc. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, priceGranularity: customGranularity, {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, In this hypothetical case, you would want to claim: A brake system comprising a control system and a braking device, wherein the braking device consists of a brake disc and a brake pad. Learn more! to include or contain: The Soviet Union comprised several socialist republics. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, A … }, iasLog("criterion : cdo_tc = resp"); }, if(window.__tcfapi) … storage: { { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, 'increment': 0.5, 'max': 3, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, if(!isPlusPopupShown()) 'min': 8.50, "sign-up": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signup?rid=READER_ID", { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, Comprised of is an expression in English that means "to compose or constitute". { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. "noPingback": true, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, var pbTabletSlots = [ { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, 'cap': true { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971066', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]] } }, "loggedIn": false name: "identityLink", var googletag = googletag || {}; The reason is that you may need to distinguish an invention negatively, that is to say, where the invention subsists in a simplification that omits a certain feature that the prior art has. Compose means to be or constitute a part of element of or to make up or form the basis of, as in Eight slices compose the pie. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, If, on the other hand, the claim had been drafted: A brake system comprising a control system and a braking device, wherein the braking device comprises a brake disc and a brake pad. googletag.pubads().setCategoryExclusion('resp').setCategoryExclusion('wprod'); } The important thing to remember when you’re using the word “comprise” is that the item that is the whole shebang comes first in the sentence; second come the items that are its … The reason is because, over the course of a great many years of litigation, the Courts have settled on the word “comprising” as having the meaning of inferring a non-exhaustive list. Forum name: Legal. gdpr: { As others have mentioned (and per dictionary.com), “consisting of” is correct usage, where “A consists of B,” meaning that B makes up or composes A could be expressed as an adjunct, adjectival clause modifying A in the phrase “A, consisting … { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, }], bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, The most common transitional phrase used is the "open ended" phrase "comprising". This means that the above claim for a coffee cup is still infringed if a competitor adds additional features (for example, a lid or an outer sleeve) to the patented coffee cup. Consisting (of): to be made up of. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; params: { var mapping_topslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[728, 90]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); "error": true, To the Patent Office, these words (consists of vs. comprises) have very different meanings. ga('send', 'pageview'); The SMART Vocabulary cloud shows the related words and phrases you can find in the Cambridge Dictionary that make up this topic. expires: 60 We can also use it in the passive voice in the form ‘be comprised of’: The course is comprised of ten lectures and five seminars on the theory of economics and banking. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, },{ { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_dc", "english");
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